Overview and application of forklift technology in urban logistics distribution
Forklift plays a very important role in the logistics system of an enterprise, and it is the main force in the material handling equipment. At present, there are many forklift brands available in the market, with complex models. Each forklift has its typical operating conditions. Powered forklift trucks can generally be divided into three categories:Internal combustion forklift, electric forklift and storage forklift. Diesel, gasoline, liquefied petroleum gas or natural gas engines are generally used as power for ordinary internal-combustion forklift trucks, with a load capacity of 1.2-8.0 tons and a width of 3.5-5.0 meters. Considering the exhaust emission and noise problems, they are usually used outdoors, in workshops or other places without special requirements for exhaust emission and noise. Due to the convenience of fuel replenishment, it can realize long-term continuous operation, and it can be competent to work in harsh environment (such as rainy day).The electric forklift is powered by an electric motor and powered by a battery. The bearing capacity is 1.0-4.8 tons, and the width of operation channel is generally 3.5-5.0 meters. Because there is no pollution and low noise, it is widely used in the environment, such as medicine, food and other industries. Since each battery needs to be charged after about 8 hours of operation, it needs to be equipped with backup battery for multi shift working conditions.Storage forklift is mainly designed for goods handling in the warehouse. Except for a few warehouse forklifts (such as manual pallet forklifts), which are driven by manpower, others are all driven by electric motor. Because of its compact body, flexible movement, light weight and good environmental protection performance, they are widely used in the warehouse industry. In multi shift operation, the storage forklift driven by electric motor needs to have backup battery. In urban logistics distribution, a large number of manual light and small forklifts are also commonly used.The basic operation functions of forklift include horizontal handling, stacking / picking, loading / unloading and picking. According to the operation function that the enterprise wants to achieve, it can be preliminarily determined from the models described above. In addition, special operation functions will affect the specific configuration of forklift, such as carrying paper roll, molten iron, etc., which requires forklift installation accessories to complete special functions. In the application of forklift, there are certain requirements for pallet or cargo specification, lifting height, width of operation channel, climbing degree, etc., as well as requirements for operation efficiency (different models have different efficiency), operation habits (such as habitual driving or standing driving), etc. Warehouse environment has requirements on noise or exhaust emission and other environmental protection aspects. Generally, warehouse forklift is selected. In cold storage or explosion-proof environment, the configuration of forklift should also be cold storage or explosion-proof. The superior performance of high-quality forklift is often reflected in * * rate, low cost, high reliability, good ergonomic design and convenient service. **Rate does not only mean high speed (driving, lifting, lowering speed), it also means that the operator needs a short time to complete a working cycle, and can maintain this efficiency throughout the working time. Low cost refers to the total annual cost * * of purchasing and using forklift. The use cost of forklift includes: ① purchase cost; ② maintenance cost; ③ energy consumption cost; ④ labor cost;High safety, easy to operate, comfortable, easy to maintain is also an important indicator of forklift use. Enterprises need to purchase forklifts according to the requirements of economy and * * rate according to the operating environment of forklifts, the weight of handled items, operating frequency, storage mode and other factors.